Motocin Servo da robots suna canza aikace-aikacen ƙari. Koyi sabbin nasihu da aikace-aikace lokacin aiwatar da injina na mutum-mutumi da ci-gaba da sarrafa motsi don masana'anta da ragi, da kuma abin da ke gaba: tunanin haɗaɗɗen ƙari/hanyoyin ragi.
CIGABA DA AUTOMATION
Ta Sarah Melish da RoseMary Burns
Ɗaukar na'urorin juyar da wutar lantarki, fasahar sarrafa motsi, mutum-mutumi masu sassauƙa sosai da haɗakar sauran fasahohin ci-gaba sune abubuwan da ke haifar da saurin haɓakar sabbin hanyoyin ƙirƙira a faɗin yanayin masana'antu. Juya yanayin yadda ake kera samfura, sassa da samfura, masana'anta ƙari da ragi sune manyan misalai biyu waɗanda suka samar da inganci da masu ƙirƙira ƙirƙira ƙirƙira suna neman ci gaba da yin gasa.
Ana magana da bugu na 3D, masana'anta ƙari (AM) hanya ce wacce ba ta al'ada ba wacce galibi ke amfani da bayanan ƙira na dijital don ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu girman gaske masu ƙarfi uku ta hanyar haɗa kayan Layer ta Layer daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Sau da yawa yin sassa na kusa-net-siffa (NNS) ba tare da sharar gida ba, amfani da AM don ƙirar samfuri na asali da hadaddun samfuran yana ci gaba da mamaye masana'antu kamar motoci, sararin samaniya, makamashi, likitanci, sufuri da samfuran mabukaci. Akasin haka, tsarin cirewa ya haɗa da cire sassa daga toshe kayan ta hanyar yankan madaidaici ko machining don ƙirƙirar samfur na 3D.
Duk da bambance-bambancen maɓalli, hanyoyin ƙari da raguwa ba koyaushe suke keɓanta juna ba - saboda ana iya amfani da su don yaba matakai daban-daban na haɓaka samfura. Tsarin ra'ayi na farko ko samfuri yawanci ana ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar ƙari. Da zarar wannan samfurin ya ƙare, ana iya buƙatar manyan batches, buɗe ƙofar zuwa masana'anta. Kwanan nan, inda lokaci ya ke da mahimmanci, ana amfani da hanyoyin haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗiya/ragi don abubuwa kamar gyaran ɓangarorin da suka lalace/ sawa ko ƙirƙirar sassa masu inganci tare da ƙarancin lokacin gubar.
AUTOMAN GABA
Don biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki mai tsauri, masu ƙirƙira suna haɗa nau'ikan kayan waya kamar bakin karfe, nickel, cobalt, chrome, titanium, aluminum da sauran karafa masu kama da juna a cikin ginin ɓangaren su, suna farawa da ƙasa mai laushi amma mai ƙarfi kuma suna gamawa da wuya, lalacewa. -bangaren juriya. A wani bangare, wannan ya bayyana bukatar high yi mafita ga mafi girma yawan aiki da inganci a duka ƙari da kuma subtractive masana'antu muhallin, musamman inda tafiyar matakai kamar waya Arc ƙari masana'antu (WAAM), WAAM-subtractive, Laser cladding-subtractive ko ado ne damuwa. Manyan abubuwan sun haɗa da:
- Advanced Servo Technology:Don ingantacciyar magance manufofin lokaci-zuwa-kasuwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar abokin ciniki, inda daidaiton girman girma da ƙimar ƙarewa suka shafi, masu amfani na ƙarshe suna juyawa zuwa firintocin 3D masu ci gaba tare da tsarin servo (sama da injin stepper) don ingantaccen sarrafa motsi. Fa'idodin servo Motors, kamar Yaskawa's Sigma-7, suna jujjuya tsarin ƙari akan kansa, yana taimakawa masu ƙirƙira shawo kan al'amuran gama gari ta hanyar haɓakar bugun bugawa:
- Matsakaicin girgiza: Motoci masu ƙarfi na servo suna alfahari da matattarar murƙushewar girgiza, da kuma anti-resonance da masu tacewa, suna ba da ingantaccen motsi mai santsi wanda zai iya kawar da layukan da ba su da daɗi na gani wanda ke haifar da juzu'in motsi na stepper.
- Haɓakawa da sauri: saurin bugawa na 350 mm/sec yanzu ya zama gaskiya, fiye da ninka matsakaicin saurin bugun bugun 3D ta amfani da injin stepper. Hakazalika, ana iya samun saurin tafiya har zuwa 1,500 mm/sec ta amfani da rotary ko har zuwa mita 5/sec ta amfani da fasahar servo na layi. Ƙarfin hanzarin gaggawa da aka bayar ta hanyar manyan ayyuka na servos yana ba da damar buga kawunan 3D don matsawa zuwa wuraren da suka dace da sauri. Wannan yana tafiya mai nisa don rage buƙatar rage tsarin gabaɗayan ƙasa don isa ga ingancin gamawa da ake so. Daga baya, wannan haɓakawa a cikin sarrafa motsi kuma yana nufin masu amfani na ƙarshe zasu iya ƙirƙira ƙarin sassa a cikin awa ɗaya ba tare da sadaukar da inganci ba.
- Gyara ta atomatik: tsarin servo na iya yin gyaran gyare-gyare na al'ada da kansa, wanda ke ba da damar daidaitawa ga canje-canje a cikin injina na firinta ko bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin bugu. 3D stepper Motors ba sa amfani da ra'ayin matsayi, yana mai da shi kusan ba zai yiwu ba don rama canje-canje a cikin matakai ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin injiniyoyi.
- Ra'ayin Encoder: Tsarukan servo masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ba da cikakkiyar ra'ayi mai ɓoyewa kawai suna buƙatar aiwatar da aikin homing sau ɗaya, yana haifar da ƙarin lokacin aiki da tanadin farashi. Firintocin 3D waɗanda ke amfani da fasahar injin stepper ba su da wannan fasalin kuma suna buƙatar zama a duk lokacin da aka kunna su.
- Hannun martani: mai fitar da firinta na 3D sau da yawa yana iya zama ƙulli a cikin aikin bugu, kuma motar stepper ba ta da ikon fahimtar abin da ya faru don gano maƙarƙashiyar extruder - rashi wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa gabaɗayan aikin bugawa. Tare da wannan a zuciyarsa, tsarin servo na iya gano abubuwan adanawa da hana cire filament. Makullin don ingantacciyar aikin bugu shine samun tsarin rufaffiyar madauki wanda aka zayyana a kusa da babban maɓalli na gani. Motocin Servo tare da inkodi mai madaidaicin 24-bit na iya samar da 16,777,216 ragi na ƙudurin ra'ayi na rufaffiyar don mafi girman axis da daidaiton extruder, kazalika da aiki tare da kariyar jam.
- Manyan Robots:Kamar yadda injunan servo masu ƙarfi ke canza aikace-aikacen ƙari, haka ma mutum-mutumi. Kyakkyawan aikin su na hanya, ingantacciyar tsarin injina da ƙimar kariya mai ƙura (IP) - haɗe tare da ingantaccen kulawar faɗakarwa da iyawar axis - suna sanya mutummutumi masu sassauƙa mai sassauƙa guda shida babban zaɓi don aiwatar da buƙatun da ke kewaye da amfani da 3D. firintocin, kazalika da mahimman ayyuka don masana'anta masu rahusa da hanyoyin haɓakawa da ƙari.
Robotic aiki da kai kyauta ga injunan bugu na 3D ya haɗa da sarrafa sassan da aka buga a cikin na'urori masu yawa. Daga zazzage sassa ɗaya daga na'urar bugawa, zuwa raba sassa bayan zagayowar bugu da yawa, masu sassauƙa da inganci na mutum-mutumi suna haɓaka ayyuka don babban kayan aiki da ribar samarwa.
Tare da bugu na 3D na gargajiya, robots suna taimakawa tare da sarrafa foda, sake cika foda lokacin da ake buƙata da cire foda daga sassan da aka gama. Hakazalika, sauran ayyukan gamawa waɗanda suka shahara tare da ƙirƙira ƙarfe kamar niƙa, goge goge, yankewa ko yanke ana samun sauƙi cikin sauƙi. Binciken inganci, da marufi da buƙatun kayan aiki suma ana biyansu gaba da gaba tare da fasahar mutum-mutumi, suna 'yantar da masu ƙirƙira don mai da hankali kan lokacinsu akan ƙarin ƙima, kamar ƙirƙira na al'ada.
Don manyan kayan aiki, mutum-mutumi na masana'antu masu nisa suna yin kayan aiki don matsar da kai tsaye na firinta na 3D. Wannan, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kayan aiki na gefe kamar tushe masu juyawa, masu matsayi, waƙoƙin layi, gantries da ƙari, suna samar da filin aiki da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar sifofi na kyauta na sarari. Baya ga saurin samfur na gargajiya, ana amfani da mutummutumi don ƙirƙira manyan sassa masu kyauta, nau'ikan ƙira, gine-ginen truss mai siffa 3D da manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan. - Masu Kula da Injin Axis:Ƙirƙirar fasaha don haɗa har zuwa gatura 62 na motsi a cikin yanayi guda yanzu yana yin aiki tare da yawa na nau'ikan mutummutumi masu yawa na masana'antu, tsarin servo da mitar mitar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙari, raguwa da matakai masu yuwuwa. Duk dangin na'urori yanzu suna iya aiki tare ba tare da wata matsala ba ƙarƙashin cikakken iko da saka idanu na PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ko mai sarrafa injin IEC, kamar MP3300iec. Sau da yawa ana tsara shi tare da fakitin software na 61131 IEC mai ƙarfi, kamar MotionWorks IEC, dandamali na ƙwararru irin wannan suna amfani da kayan aikin da aka saba (watau, RepRap G-codes, Tsarin Block ɗin Aiki, Rubutun Tsari, Tsani Tsani, da sauransu). Don sauƙaƙe haɗawa cikin sauƙi da haɓaka lokacin aiki na inji, kayan aikin da aka yi shirye-shiryen kamar diyya na daidaita gado, sarrafa matsa lamba na gaba, igiyoyi da yawa da sarrafa fiɗa sun haɗa.
- Nagartattun Hanyoyin Sadarwar Mai Amfani:Mai fa'ida sosai ga aikace-aikace a cikin bugu na 3D, yankan siffa, kayan aikin injin da injiniyoyi, fakitin software daban-daban na iya ba da saurin saurin sarrafa injin zana, samar da hanya zuwa mafi girma. An ƙera shi tare da ƙirƙira da haɓakawa a hankali, dandamali masu fa'ida, kamar Yaskawa Compass, suna ba masana'anta damar yin alama da sauƙaƙe keɓance fuska. Daga haɗa mahimman halayen injin don biyan buƙatun abokin ciniki, ana buƙatar ƙaramin shirye-shirye - kamar yadda waɗannan kayan aikin ke ba da babban ɗakin karatu na filogin C # da aka riga aka gina ko ba da damar shigo da plug-ins na al'ada.
TASHI A SAMA
Yayin da tsarin ƙara guda ɗaya da na ragewa ya kasance sananne, babban canji zuwa ga hanyar haɗaɗɗen ƙari/raƙuwa zai faru a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa. Ana tsammanin yayi girma a ƙimar girma na shekara-shekara (CAGR) na 14.8 bisa dari nan da 20271, kasuwar injunan masana'anta na masana'anta tana shirye don saduwa da haɓakar haɓaka buƙatun abokin ciniki. Don tashi sama da gasar, masana'antun yakamata su auna fa'ida da rashin amfani na hanyar matasan don ayyukansu. Tare da ikon samar da sassa kamar yadda ake buƙata, zuwa babban raguwa a cikin sawun carbon, tsarin ƙarawa/raguwa na matasan yana ba da wasu fa'idodi masu ban sha'awa. Ko da kuwa, ba za a yi watsi da fasahohin ci-gaba na waɗannan matakai ba kuma yakamata a aiwatar da su a kan benayen kantuna don sauƙaƙe yawan aiki da ingancin samfur.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-13-2021
